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Research institute
A research institute is an establishment endowed for doing research. Research institutes may specialize in basic research or may be oriented to applied research. Although the term often implies natural science research, there are also many research institutes in the social sciences as well, especially for sociological and historical research purposes.
== Famous research institutes ==
In the early medieval period, several astronomical observatories were built in the Islamic world. The first of these was the 9th-century Baghdad observatory built during the time of the Abbasid caliph al-Ma'mun, though the most famous were the 13th-century Maragheh observatory, 15th-century Ulugh Beg Observatory.〔E. S. Kennedy (1962), (Reviewed Work: ''The Observatory in Islam and Its Place in the General History of the Observatory ) by Aydin Sayili", ''Isis'' 53 (2): 237–239.〕
The earliest research institute in Europe was Tycho Brahe's Uraniborg complex on the island of Hven, a 16th-century astronomical laboratory set up to make highly accurate measurements of the stars. In the United States there are numerous notable research institutes including Bell Labs, The Scripps Research Institute,〔(The Scripps Research Institute )〕 Beckman Institute, and SRI International. Hughes Aircraft used a research institute structure for its organizational model.〔Hughes After Howard, Dr. Kenneth Richardson, 2011, pg88, ISBN 978-0-9708050-8-9〕
Thomas Edison, dubbed "The Wizard of Menlo Park",〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Wizard of Menlo Park )〕 was one of the first inventors to apply the principles of mass production and large-scale teamwork to the process of invention in the late 1800s, and because of that, he is often credited with the creation of the first industrial research laboratory.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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